Choosing the right finish for your outdoor wood furniture is paramount to ensuring its longevity and beauty. Exposure to the elements – sun, rain, wind, and fluctuating temperatures – can wreak havoc on unprotected wood. The right finish acts as a shield, preventing moisture damage, minimizing sun fading, and resisting scratches and abrasions. This guide explores the best finish options to enhance the durability of your outdoor wood furniture, providing practical advice and step-by-step instructions to help you protect your investment.
Understanding the Importance of Outdoor Wood Protection
Solid wood furniture offers exceptional durability and a timeless aesthetic, making it a popular choice for outdoor spaces. Compared to alternatives like plastic or metal, wood provides a natural warmth and visual appeal. However, wood is a natural material and, therefore, susceptible to environmental damage if not properly protected.
Untreated outdoor wood furniture can quickly develop issues such as: Moisture damage: Rain and humidity can cause wood to swell, warp, and eventually rot. Sun fading: UV rays can break down the wood's lignin, leading to discoloration and a dull appearance. Cracking and splitting: Repeated cycles of wetting and drying can cause the wood to crack and split. Mold and mildew growth: Damp conditions create a breeding ground for mold and mildew, which can stain and degrade the wood. Insect infestation:Wood-boring insects can damage the structural integrity of the furniture.
Choosing the right finish is the first line of defense against these problems. It provides a protective barrier that helps to prevent moisture absorption, block UV rays, and resist mold and mildew growth.
Best Finish Options for Outdoor Wood Furniture
Several types of finishes are suitable for outdoor wood furniture, each offering different levels of protection, durability, and aesthetic appeal. Here's a detailed look at some of the best options:
1. Marine Varnish
Marine varnish is a top-tier choice for outdoor wood protection. Developed for use on boats and other marine applications, it offers superior resistance to water, UV rays, and abrasion. It creates a tough, flexible film that can withstand the harsh conditions of a marine environment, making it an excellent choice for furniture that will be exposed to intense sunlight, rain, and saltwater.
Pros
Excellent water resistance.
Superior UV protection.
Durable and long-lasting.
Flexible finish that resists cracking.
Cons
Requires multiple coats for optimal protection.
Can be more expensive than other options.
Can yellow over time, especially with cheaper brands.
Application can be time-consuming and requires careful sanding between coats.
Application Tips
1.Surface Preparation: Sand the wood surface smooth with progressively finer grits of sandpaper (e.g., 120, 180, 220). Remove all dust and debris.
2.Thin the First Coat: Thin the first coat of varnish with mineral spirits according to the manufacturer's instructions. This helps the varnish penetrate the wood better.
3.Apply Multiple Coats: Apply at least three coats of varnish, allowing each coat to dry completely before sanding lightly with fine-grit sandpaper (e.g., 320 or 400) to create a smooth surface for the next coat.
4.Final Coat: Apply the final coat without thinning.
Recommended Products: Epifanes Clear Varnish, Pettit Captain's Varnish.
2. Exterior Spar Urethane
Spar urethane is another excellent option for protecting outdoor wood furniture. It is similar to marine varnish but typically less expensive and easier to apply. Spar urethane offers good water resistance, UV protection, and flexibility, making it a suitable choice for furniture that will be exposed to moderate weather conditions.
Pros
Good water resistance and UV protection.
Flexible finish that resists cracking.
Easier to apply than marine varnish.
More affordable than marine varnish.
Cons
Not as durable as marine varnish in harsh conditions.
May require more frequent reapplication.
Application Tips
1.Surface Preparation: Sand the wood surface smooth and remove all dust and debris.
2.Apply Thin Coats: Apply thin, even coats of spar urethane with a high-quality brush.
3.Sand Between Coats: Sand lightly between coats with fine-grit sandpaper to create a smooth surface.
4.Follow Manufacturer's Instructions: Adhere to the manufacturer's recommended drying times and application guidelines.
Recommended Products: Minwax Helmsman Spar Urethane, Rust-Oleum Spar Varnish.
3. Penetrating Oil Finishes
Penetrating oil finishes, such as teak oil or tung oil, offer a natural look and feel while providing some protection against moisture and UV rays. These oils penetrate the wood fibers, nourishing the wood and enhancing its natural beauty.
Pros
Enhances the natural beauty of the wood.
Easy to apply and maintain.
Provides some moisture resistance.
Can be easily reapplied to refresh the finish.
Cons
Offers less protection than varnish or urethane.
Requires more frequent reapplication.
Provides minimal UV protection.
Application Tips
1.Surface Preparation: Clean the wood surface thoroughly. Lightly sand if necessary to remove any imperfections.
2.Apply Generously: Apply the oil liberally with a brush or cloth, allowing it to soak into the wood.
3.Wipe Off Excess: After allowing the oil to penetrate for 15-30 minutes, wipe off any excess oil with a clean cloth.
4.Reapply as Needed: Reapply the oil every few months or as needed to maintain the finish.
Recommended Products: Star Brite Teak Oil, Sutherland Welles Tung Oil.
4. Exterior Wood Stains with a Sealer
Exterior wood stains add color to the wood while providing some protection against UV rays and moisture. Many exterior stains also contain a sealer to further enhance their protective properties.
Pros
Adds color and enhances the wood's appearance.
Provides some UV and moisture protection.
Available in a wide range of colors.
Cons
May require a separate sealer for optimal protection.
Can fade over time.
May not be as durable as varnish or urethane.
Application Tips
1.Surface Preparation: Sand the wood surface smooth and remove all dust and debris.
2.Apply Stain Evenly: Apply the stain evenly with a brush, roller, or sprayer.
3.Wipe Off Excess: Wipe off any excess stain with a clean cloth.
4.Apply Sealer (if needed): If the stain does not contain a sealer, apply a separate exterior wood sealer according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Recommended Products: Thompson's Water Seal Waterproofing Stain, Cabot Australian Timber Oil Stain.
5. Paint
Exterior paint can provide excellent protection for outdoor wood furniture while also allowing you to customize its appearance with a wide range of colors. Choose a high-quality exterior paint specifically formulated for wood to ensure optimal durability and weather resistance.
Pros
Provides excellent protection against the elements.
Available in a wide range of colors.
Can be used to create a variety of different looks.
Cons
Can chip or peel over time.
May require more frequent maintenance than other finishes.
Can obscure the natural beauty of the wood.
Application Tips
1.Surface Preparation: Sand the wood surface smooth and remove all dust and debris. Prime the wood with a high-quality exterior wood primer.
2.Apply Two Coats: Apply two coats of exterior paint, allowing each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
3.Choose High-Quality Paint: Use a high-quality exterior paint specifically formulated for wood.
Recommended Products: Benjamin Moore Aura Exterior Paint, Sherwin-Williams Emerald Exterior Acrylic Latex Paint.
Step-by-Step Guide to Refinishing Outdoor Wood Furniture
Refinishing your outdoor wood furniture can breathe new life into tired pieces and provide enhanced protection against the elements. Here's a step-by-step guide to refinishing:
1.Preparation: Gather your supplies, including sandpaper (various grits), a scraper, a wire brush, a cleaning solution (e.g., TSP), a finish remover (if needed), brushes, cloths, and your chosen finish.
2.Cleaning: Clean the furniture thoroughly with a cleaning solution to remove dirt, grime, and any existing finish. Rinse well and allow to dry completely.
3.Removing the Old Finish: If the old finish is peeling or damaged, remove it with a scraper, wire brush, or finish remover. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for using finish removers, and always wear appropriate safety gear.
4.Sanding: Sand the wood surface smooth with progressively finer grits of sandpaper. Start with a coarser grit (e.g., 80 or 100) to remove any imperfections and then move to finer grits (e.g., 120, 180, 220) to create a smooth surface.
5.Applying the New Finish: Apply your chosen finish according to the manufacturer's instructions. Apply thin, even coats and allow each coat to dry completely before sanding lightly and applying the next coat.
6.Finishing Touches: Once the final coat has dried, inspect the furniture for any imperfections. Touch up any areas as needed.
Maintaining Your Outdoor Wood Furniture
Proper maintenance is essential to extending the life of your outdoor wood furniture. Here are some tips for keeping your furniture in top condition: Regular Cleaning: Clean your furniture regularly with a mild soap and water solution to remove dirt, grime, and mildew. Seasonal Protection: Cover or store your furniture during harsh weather conditions, such as heavy rain, snow, or intense sunlight. Reapplication of Finish: Reapply the finish as needed to maintain its protective properties. The frequency of reapplication will depend on the type of finish and the level of exposure to the elements. Repair Damage Promptly: Repair any damage, such as cracks or splits, as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration. Use Furniture Covers:Invest in high-quality furniture covers to protect your furniture from the elements when not in use.
Eco-Friendly Options for Wood Furniture Finishes
For those looking to minimize their environmental impact, several eco-friendly options are available for finishing outdoor wood furniture: Reclaimed Wood: Using reclaimed wood is a sustainable choice that reduces the demand for newly harvested wood. Beeswax Polish: Beeswax polish is a natural and non-toxic option for protecting and enhancing the beauty of wood furniture. Natural Oils: Natural oils, such as linseed oil and tung oil, are renewable resources that provide a natural and durable finish. Non-Toxic Paints: Choose paints that are labeled as low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) or zero-VOC to minimize air pollution.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Finishing Outdoor Wood Furniture
Avoiding common mistakes can help you achieve a professional-looking finish and ensure the longevity of your outdoor wood furniture: Skipping Surface Preparation: Proper surface preparation is essential for a smooth and durable finish. Don't skip steps like cleaning, sanding, and priming. Applying Too Much Finish: Applying too much finish can lead to drips, runs, and a sticky surface. Apply thin, even coats and allow each coat to dry completely before applying the next. Using the Wrong Finish: Choose a finish that is specifically formulated for outdoor use and is appropriate for the type of wood you are working with. Ignoring Manufacturer's Instructions: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for application, drying times, and safety precautions. Not Sanding Between Coats: Sanding lightly between coats helps to create a smooth surface for the next coat and improves adhesion. Working in Poor Conditions: Avoid applying finishes in direct sunlight, high humidity, or extreme temperatures.
By understanding the different finish options available and following these tips and guidelines, you can choose the best finish for your outdoor wood furniture and protect it from the elements for years to come. Remember to prioritize surface preparation, choose high-quality products, and apply the finish according to the manufacturer's instructions for optimal results.